Allow me to disagree with the NYU guidelines in favor of the AVMA guidelines, which in 2000 basically said that the only problem with euthanasia by exposure to a high concentration of CO2 was that it could cause deep unconsciousness rather than death (so apparently-dead animals have to be kept in the chamber for several minutes until they are actually dead, or another method of killing used after they're unconscious), and that it does cause distress in some species (animals that are capable of surviving without oxygen for a long time).
From personal experience, in a very well-charged chamber full of CO2, mice will be unconscious before I have even set them on the floor of the chamber, and rats have just enough time to stand before slumping forward, unconscious. I've never seen any struggle, attempt escape, or fear-defecate, so short of postmortem serum cortisol level testing, I can't get any more evidence to suggest that it's a very humane method for in-home use. Also, for what it's worth, I would euthanize my pet rodents this way if my access to vet care were restricted for some reason; this isn't just something I would do to feeder rodents.
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