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Zimmerman trial

I'm honestly curious about castle doctrine, stand your ground and duty to retreat in Florida, because it seems like there is no duty to retreat. Is that right? That a person in fear of an attack is not obligated to retreat from the situation and instead is justified in using deadly force if they believe their life is in danger?

Here is the actual law. What part of it seems unreasonable to you?

776.013 Home protection; use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm.—

(1) A person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another when using defensive force that is intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm to another if:

(a) The person against whom the defensive force was used was and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle, or if that person had removed or was attempting to remove another against that person’s will from the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle; and

(b) The person who uses defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred.

(2) The presumption set forth in subsection (1) does not apply if:

(a) The person against whom the defensive force is used has the right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, residence, or vehicle, such as an owner, lessee, or titleholder, and there is not an injunction for protection from domestic violence or a written pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person; or

(b) The person or persons sought to be removed is a child or grandchild, or is otherwise in the lawful custody or under the lawful guardianship of, the person against whom the defensive force is used; or

(c) The person who uses defensive force is engaged in an unlawful activity or is using the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle to further an unlawful activity; or

(d) The person against whom the defensive force is used is a law enforcement officer, as defined in s. 943.10(14), who enters or attempts to enter a dwelling, residence, or vehicle in the performance of his or her official duties and the officer identified himself or herself in accordance with any applicable law or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known that the person entering or attempting to enter was a law enforcement officer.

(3) A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.

(4) A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a person’s dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence.

Becca, are you comfortable with police telling you to lock yourself in your bedroom, with your 8 month old baby in your arms, with only a rusty scissors for protection, while two guys break in and ransack your house? What if they want to rape or murder you or your child? Is that really okay with you?

Screw that, I'm not.
 
Nanci, I don't know if it's unreasonable. I'm just trying to understand it.

The judge said that Trayvon Martin had a duty to retreat. And something like a month ago, this woman was given 20 years for firing a shot to ward off her abusive husband.

At what point does stand you ground become a lawful duty to retreat in Florida?
 
No, not okay with me, but I gotta be done. Have to work today, don't see that we're gonna agree on this (and that's okay with me), and I don't want to piss you off too bad in case my hubby ever says I can get another snake. Cause I sure would love a Gartersnake jr. ;)
 
What about if you're being followed by a person with a gun? Apparently you are not allowed to protect yourself.

Your logic is flawed! Talking circles doesn't change anything.

If TM had a gun and was attacked by GZ, then under the law he would have the right to defend himself.
 
Riots. It's all the media wants. Higher Ratings. Yee haw.

I am saddened to agree.


That's exactly the problem with the law. Some armed man can follow me, grab me, and if I fight back, he can shoot me. Lovely, eh?

If you really think that is what happened, you did not follow this case at all. A lot of people seem to just know a man shot another man and make up the rest from there.
 
I'm honestly curious about castle doctrine, stand your ground and duty to retreat in Florida, because it seems like there is no duty to retreat. Is that right? That a person in fear of an attack is not obligated to retreat from the situation and instead is justified in using deadly force if they believe their life is in danger?

Maybe this will help -> http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0776/0776.html

CHAPTER 776
JUSTIFIABLE USE OF FORCE

776.012 Use of force in defense of person.
776.013 Home protection; use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm.
776.031 Use of force in defense of others.
776.032 Immunity from criminal prosecution and civil action for justifiable use of force.
776.041 Use of force by aggressor.
776.05 Law enforcement officers; use of force in making an arrest.
776.051 Use of force in resisting arrest or making an arrest or in the execution of a legal duty; prohibition.
776.06 Deadly force.
776.07 Use of force to prevent escape.
776.08 Forcible felony.
776.085 Defense to civil action for damages; party convicted of forcible or attempted forcible felony.

776.012 Use of force in defense of person.—A person is justified in using force, except deadly force, against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself or herself or another against the other’s imminent use of unlawful force. However, a person is justified in the use of deadly force and does not have a duty to retreat if:
(1) He or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony; or
(2) Under those circumstances permitted pursuant to s. 776.013.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1188, ch. 97-102; s. 2, ch. 2005-27.

776.013 Home protection; use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm.
(1) A person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another when using defensive force that is intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm to another if:
(a) The person against whom the defensive force was used was in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or had unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle, or if that person had removed or was attempting to remove another against that person’s will from the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle; and
(b) The person who uses defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred.
(2) The presumption set forth in subsection (1) does not apply if:
(a) The person against whom the defensive force is used has the right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, residence, or vehicle, such as an owner, lessee, or titleholder, and there is not an injunction for protection from domestic violence or a written pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person; or
(b) The person or persons sought to be removed is a child or grandchild, or is otherwise in the lawful custody or under the lawful guardianship of, the person against whom the defensive force is used; or
(c) The person who uses defensive force is engaged in an unlawful activity or is using the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle to further an unlawful activity; or
(d) The person against whom the defensive force is used is a law enforcement officer, as defined in s. 943.10(14), who enters or attempts to enter a dwelling, residence, or vehicle in the performance of his or her official duties and the officer identified himself or herself in accordance with any applicable law or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known that the person entering or attempting to enter was a law enforcement officer.
(3) A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.
(4) A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a person’s dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence.
(5) As used in this section, the term:
(a) “Dwelling” means a building or conveyance of any kind, including any attached porch, whether the building or conveyance is temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over it, including a tent, and is designed to be occupied by people lodging therein at night.
(b) “Residence” means a dwelling in which a person resides either temporarily or permanently or is visiting as an invited guest.
(c) “Vehicle” means a conveyance of any kind, whether or not motorized, which is designed to transport people or property.
History.—s. 1, ch. 2005-27.

776.031 Use of force in defense of others.—A person is justified in the use of force, except deadly force, against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to prevent or terminate the other’s trespass on, or other tortious or criminal interference with, either real property other than a dwelling or personal property, lawfully in his or her possession or in the possession of another who is a member of his or her immediate family or household or of a person whose property he or she has a legal duty to protect. However, the person is justified in the use of deadly force only if he or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony. A person does not have a duty to retreat if the person is in a place where he or she has a right to be.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1189, ch. 97-102; s. 3, ch. 2005-27.

776.032 Immunity from criminal prosecution and civil action for justifiable use of force.
(1) A person who uses force as permitted in s. 776.012, s. 776.013, or s. 776.031 is justified in using such force and is immune from criminal prosecution and civil action for the use of such force, unless the person against whom force was used is a law enforcement officer, as defined in s. 943.10(14), who was acting in the performance of his or her official duties and the officer identified himself or herself in accordance with any applicable law or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known that the person was a law enforcement officer. As used in this subsection, the term “criminal prosecution” includes arresting, detaining in custody, and charging or prosecuting the defendant.
(2) A law enforcement agency may use standard procedures for investigating the use of force as described in subsection (1), but the agency may not arrest the person for using force unless it determines that there is probable cause that the force that was used was unlawful.
(3) The court shall award reasonable attorney’s fees, court costs, compensation for loss of income, and all expenses incurred by the defendant in defense of any civil action brought by a plaintiff if the court finds that the defendant is immune from prosecution as provided in subsection (1).
History.—s. 4, ch. 2005-27.

776.041 Use of force by aggressor.—The justification described in the preceding sections of this chapter is not available to a person who:
(1) Is attempting to commit, committing, or escaping after the commission of, a forcible felony; or
(2) Initially provokes the use of force against himself or herself, unless:
(a) Such force is so great that the person reasonably believes that he or she is in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm and that he or she has exhausted every reasonable means to escape such danger other than the use of force which is likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the assailant; or
(b) In good faith, the person withdraws from physical contact with the assailant and indicates clearly to the assailant that he or she desires to withdraw and terminate the use of force, but the assailant continues or resumes the use of force.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1190, ch. 97-102.

776.05 Law enforcement officers; use of force in making an arrest.—A law enforcement officer, or any person whom the officer has summoned or directed to assist him or her, need not retreat or desist from efforts to make a lawful arrest because of resistance or threatened resistance to the arrest. The officer is justified in the use of any force:
(1) Which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to defend himself or herself or another from bodily harm while making the arrest;
(2) When necessarily committed in retaking felons who have escaped; or
(3) When necessarily committed in arresting felons fleeing from justice. However, this subsection shall not constitute a defense in any civil action for damages brought for the wrongful use of deadly force unless the use of deadly force was necessary to prevent the arrest from being defeated by such flight and, when feasible, some warning had been given, and:
(a) The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon poses a threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer or others; or
(b) The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon has committed a crime involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm to another person.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1, ch. 75-64; s. 1, ch. 87-147; s. 54, ch. 88-381; s. 1191, ch. 97-102.

776.051 Use of force in resisting arrest or making an arrest or in the execution of a legal duty; prohibition.
(1) A person is not justified in the use of force to resist an arrest by a law enforcement officer, or to resist a law enforcement officer who is engaged in the execution of a legal duty, if the law enforcement officer was acting in good faith and he or she is known, or reasonably appears, to be a law enforcement officer.
(2) A law enforcement officer, or any person whom the officer has summoned or directed to assist him or her, is not justified in the use of force if the arrest or execution of a legal duty is unlawful and known by him or her to be unlawful.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1192, ch. 97-102; s. 1, ch. 2008-67.

776.06 Deadly force.
(1) The term “deadly force” means force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm and includes, but is not limited to:
(a) The firing of a firearm in the direction of the person to be arrested, even though no intent exists to kill or inflict great bodily harm; and
(b) The firing of a firearm at a vehicle in which the person to be arrested is riding.
(2)(a) The term “deadly force” does not include the discharge of a firearm by a law enforcement officer or correctional officer during and within the scope of his or her official duties which is loaded with a less-lethal munition. As used in this subsection, the term “less-lethal munition” means a projectile that is designed to stun, temporarily incapacitate, or cause temporary discomfort to a person without penetrating the person’s body.
(b) A law enforcement officer or a correctional officer is not liable in any civil or criminal action arising out of the use of any less-lethal munition in good faith during and within the scope of his or her official duties.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 1, ch. 99-272.

776.07 Use of force to prevent escape.
(1) A law enforcement officer or other person who has an arrested person in his or her custody is justified in the use of any force which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to prevent the escape of the arrested person from custody.
(2) A correctional officer or other law enforcement officer is justified in the use of force, including deadly force, which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to prevent the escape from a penal institution of a person whom the officer reasonably believes to be lawfully detained in such institution under sentence for an offense or awaiting trial or commitment for an offense.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 7, ch. 95-283; s. 1193, ch. 97-102.

776.08 Forcible felony.—“Forcible felony” means treason; murder; manslaughter; sexual battery; carjacking; home-invasion robbery; robbery; burglary; arson; kidnapping; aggravated assault; aggravated battery; aggravated stalking; aircraft piracy; unlawful throwing, placing, or discharging of a destructive device or bomb; and any other felony which involves the use or threat of physical force or violence against any individual.
History.—s. 13, ch. 74-383; s. 4, ch. 75-298; s. 289, ch. 79-400; s. 5, ch. 93-212; s. 10, ch. 95-195.

776.085 Defense to civil action for damages; party convicted of forcible or attempted forcible felony.
(1) It shall be a defense to any action for damages for personal injury or wrongful death, or for injury to property, that such action arose from injury sustained by a participant during the commission or attempted commission of a forcible felony. The defense authorized by this section shall be established by evidence that the participant has been convicted of such forcible felony or attempted forcible felony, or by proof of the commission of such crime or attempted crime by a preponderance of the evidence.
(2) For the purposes of this section, the term “forcible felony” shall have the same meaning as in s. 776.08.
(3) Any civil action in which the defense recognized by this section is raised shall be stayed by the court on the motion of the civil defendant during the pendency of any criminal action which forms the basis for the defense, unless the court finds that a conviction in the criminal action would not form a valid defense under this section.
(4) In any civil action where a party prevails based on the defense created by this section:
(a) The losing party, if convicted of and incarcerated for the crime or attempted crime, shall, as determined by the court, lose any privileges provided by the correctional facility, including, but not limited to:
1. Canteen purchases;
2. Telephone access;
3. Outdoor exercise;
4. Use of the library; and
5. Visitation.
(b) The court shall award a reasonable attorney’s fee to be paid to the prevailing party in equal amounts by the losing party and the losing party’s attorney; however, the losing party’s attorney is not personally responsible if he or she has acted in good faith, based on the representations of his or her client. If the losing party is incarcerated for the crime or attempted crime and has insufficient assets to cover payment of the costs of the action and the award of fees pursuant to this paragraph, the party shall, as determined by the court, be required to pay by deduction from any payments the prisoner receives while incarcerated.
(c) If the losing party is incarcerated for the crime or attempted crime, the court shall issue a written order containing its findings and ruling pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (b) and shall direct that a certified copy be forwarded to the appropriate correctional institution or facility.
History.—s. 1, ch. 87-187; s. 72, ch. 96-388.
 
I don't have anything personally invested here. I do not know anyone involved, and am not interested in what the media wants to pawn me into doing, increasing their ratings. While like most big media events, which lure in a load of pawns to spend time in front of their electronic devices, stirring up controversy and drama, such media events also help us to ignore what other things are going on in our ever shrinking mainstreamed world. Meanwhile 2 million people are killed every year by the polluters purchasing advertising spacings from the media. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130712084455.htm the Zimtrial was certainly a convenient focus. Bigger issues are a lot to tackle. I'm sure it'll all figure itself out by 2050.
 
I am saddened to agree.




If you really think that is what happened, you did not follow this case at all. A lot of people seem to just know a man shot another man and make up the rest from there.

Yes, I know that's not what happened in this situation.
 
Nanci, I don't know if it's unreasonable. I'm just trying to understand it.

The judge said that Trayvon Martin had a duty to retreat. And something like a month ago, this woman was given 20 years for firing a shot to ward off her abusive husband.

At what point does stand you ground become a lawful duty to retreat in Florida?

I don't think the judge said TM had a duty to retreat. Can you verify that?

You (I've gotta go get a book) cannot exhibit a firearm in a threatening manner unless in necessary self defense. It is not legal to fire a warning shot.
 
Sorry, wasn't the Judge, it was the defense that said that Trayvon could have retreated but didn't.
 
And I guess I understand how that works now, I just think its absolutely insane.

But as far as the law goes, the jury made the right call.
 
Why do you think it's insane? Do you think it's better to allow yourself to be killed, if that is the other person's intention? What if they are armed?
 
Why do you think it's insane? Do you think it's better to allow yourself to be killed, if that is the other person's intention? What if they are armed?

This is so fascinating. There are greys, Nanci. It's not a choice between shooting anyone who makes you feel afraid or letting anyone have their way with you.

I think the notion that if someone claims self-defense, it is up to the prosecution to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not feel afraid for their life is insane. How do you prove that? It's incredibly hard to 'prove' someone's state of mind.

I think the notion that there is no duty to retreat before engaging lethal force is insane.

And I think concealed (And even open) carry is insane, but that comes from a very different perspective, and I'm never going to convince anyone that it's a bad idea if they do not already think so, so we'll leave that one. I'm just including it as part of my reaction to this case.

Self-defense, even lethal self-defense, is perfectly reasonable. But it should be up to the defendant to prove that there was a legitimate threat to their life, not up to the prosecution to prove that there wasn't.
 
Do you think innocent until proven guilty is insane?

There was quite a bit of compelling evidence in this case that would indicate he was telling the truth, that his life was in danger, or that he _feared_ his life was in danger. There doesn't even have to be a legitimate threat- he just has to believe there is, and other rational people, putting themselves in his shoes, would also believe there was.
 
Part of the "proof" offered by the defense was the documentation of his injuries, the testimony of a witness who saw him being beaten, right outside his patio door, and the 911 call with the 45 seconds of _someone_ screaming help. The FBI couldn't tell who it was. Most witnesses identified the voice as GZ. Self defense experts testified that his life was in danger. The prosecution did NOT bring any expert self defense witnesses to testify it was not. Why not?
 
Of course not.

Well, that is how the American legal system works. That is how our laws read. The burden of proof is on the side who claims you broke the law.

Would anyone really want it to be the opposite? You are presumed guilty unless you can prove, beyond a shadow of a doubt, you are not?
 
No, not okay with me, but I gotta be done. Have to work today, don't see that we're gonna agree on this (and that's okay with me), and I don't want to piss you off too bad in case my hubby ever says I can get another snake. Cause I sure would love a Gartersnake jr. ;)

Let me say one more thing. Did you read about the jurors? They were normal women, just like you and me. BOTH sides agreed upon them. They were mostly moms. Mostly pet owners. How the American legal system works is, we _trust_ those women to listen to all the evidence that is provided to them, and then make a unanimous decision, based on the law that is written and as instructed, by standardized instructions given to any jury anywhere in Florida.

They did their job. We owe them the respect to think that even if it was a very difficult decision, that they acted on the evidence as provided to them, and the law as written in our country.
 
That's not how affirmative defense works, though. A murder charge is the prosecution proving that the defendant killed the victim. Zimmerman admitted he killed Martin right away, so the prosecution's job was done. However, an acquittal can be rendered if the defense proves that the defendant was in legitimate danger. Except that it seems that's no longer the case. The defense no longer has to prove the defendant was in legitimate danger, the prosecution has to prove that the defendant was not.

As far as Florida law goes, Zimmerman should have been acquitted of all charges. As far as I'm concerned, the murder charge should never have been brought. He should have been charged and convicted of manslaughter.

I don't think Zimmerman set out to kill Martin, but his actions directly led to the outcome. In most States, by what I've been told, that actually doesn't matter and Zimmerman acted appropriately. This is a fundamental difference in the expected behavior of people. I don't think armed civilians should be out trying to prevent crimes from occurring. A person should only act in defense of themselves or others once a threat is made, not because they think someone could be a threat, or looks like someone who might be a threat. Martin did literally nothing to make Zimmerman suspicious of him. Why did Zimmerman feel the need to arm himself and follow Martin?

That question is irrelevant to Florida law, but that's where I guess you guys and I differ. That question should have been the focus of the case.
 
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